Vietnam close to a deal for F-16s from US – report

 

F-16 fighters, these examples are from the Turkish Air Force. Photo c/o GDH Defense.

A US-based defense media outlet reported that Vietnam is close to a deal with the United States for the acquisition of no fewer than 24 F-16 fighter aircraft.

According to 19FortyFive, negotiations have been in progress between the United States and Vietnam for the sale of F-16 fighters to improve the air combat capabilities of the Vietnam People’s Air Force (VPAF). 

Vietnam is also said to be interested in acquiring other defense materiel from the United States, which may also include the C-130J Super Hercules transport aircraft.

Should this deal push through, it would be monumental for both countries as Vietnam is traditionally a buyer of Russian weapon systems, and is believed to be restricted on the export of American high-end weapon systems like fighter aircraft.

Plans by Vietnam to shift to non-traditional sources like Russia has been in the works for several years but not much have been made to support this. 

Vietnam’s recent acquisitions from non-traditional sources include T-6 Texan II advance turboprop trainer aircraft, ScanEagle 2 UAVs and retired Hamilton-class patrol vessels from the United States, Heron UAVs, EL/M-2288 AD-STAR radars and Spyder air defense missile systems from Israel, L-39NG trainer jets from Czechia, and retired Pohang-class corvettes from South Korea.

Vietnam was reported to be experiencing difficulty in maintaining its mostly Russian-sourced fleet of combat aircraft which include the Sukhoi Su-27SK/UB and Su-30MK2V Flankers, as Russia has unable to accommodate Vietnamese requests without huge payment commitments. 

Vietnam is said to be reluctant to make such commitments considering the United States and European Union’s sanctions against Russia due to its war with Ukraine and earlier actions and disagreements with the West.

19FortyFive claims that the VPAF has already sidelined some of its latest Sukhoi fighters due to lack of support from Russia, and the service is expected to experience capability gaps in the next few years unless additional fighter aircraft becomes available to fill the gaps.

So far, the US Defense Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA) which is responsible for confirming US State Department approval for major arms sales or transfers has not published anything to support 19FortyFive’s report. 

The most recent DSCA announcement on potential F-16 sales is with Vietnam’s eastern neighbor The Philippines for 20 new F-16C/D Block 70/72 Viper with an expected cost of US$5.58 billion.

[1] 19FortyFive

[2] Newsweek

[3]  Defence Security Asia

Philippines to procure 40 fast patrol boats from France's OCEA Group

 

The FPB-110 Mk. II design as delivered to the Nigerian Navy. Photo c/o OCEA.

The Philippine Coast Guard (PCG) has formally selected French shipbuilder OCEA to build and deliver 40 new fast patrol boats.

The acquisition of fast patrol boats is part of the Philippines’ effort to improve and strengthen its maritime security and maritime law enforcement capabilities in light of increasing grey zone and harassment activities from China.

 It is believed that OCEA will be producing and delivering a mix of their FPB 110 and FPB 98 designs, both of which are configured for littoral operations.

The FPB 110 is 35 meters long, has a crew of 17 personnel, a maximum speed of 35 knots, and a maximum range of 700 nautical miles at 12 knots.

Meanwhile the smaller FPB 98 is 32 meters long, has a crew of 16 personnel, a maximum speed of 35 knots, and a maximum range of 1,200 nautical miles at 12 knots.

Both can be armed by 25 or 30mm automatic cannons and machine guns although no confirmation has been made on its final fit-out.

Previously it was reported by Philippine defense page MaxDefense Philippines that the proposal from OCEA includes the construction of 20 units in its shipyard in France, and another 20 in a future OCEA shipyard in the Philippines. OCEA already has an office in the Philippines since 2021, and is eyeing to build a shipyard in the Philippines to respond to requirements from the Philippines and cater for the Indo-Pacific region.

Financing is believed to be provided by the French Government as part of their Official Development Assistance (ODA) to the Philippines.

OCEA has previously delivered an 83-meter offshore patrol vessel based on their OPV-270 design, as well as four fast patrol boats based on the FPB-72 design.

OCEA has also been recently awarded a maintenance contract by the Philippine Coast Guard for supporting the maintenance requirements for the above-mentioned ships, which was signed on 11 April 2025.

[1] Philippine News Agency

[2] MaxDefense Philippines

New 2500 DWT landing craft for Indonesian Army launched

 

The new landing craft ADRI LIII. Photo c/o Kepripedia.

Indonesian shipbuilder PT Multi-Ocean Shipyard (MOS) has launched a new landing craft, which will be called the “ADRI LIII” for the Indonesian Army (TNI-AD).

The ceremony was held on 15 April 2025 at the shipyard’s facility in Karimunbesar Island, with Head of the LCU 2500 DWT Ship Launch Team, Navy Colonel (P) Hery Soekris Hendrayanto and PT MOS Director, Willies Kurniawan among those present.

Director Kurniawan confirmed that the ship is 95% complete, with the shipyard committed to meet its schedule to complete the ship within the 24 months construction period while maintaining high degree of quality.

The new landing craft was acquired as part of the LCU 2500 DWT Ship project, and will allow the Indonesian Army to increase its logistics capability and move heavy equipment within the Indonesian archipelago and within the region during military operations for war, and military operations other than war which includes disaster response and relief.

It has a displacement of 1,500 tons, a length of 100.18 meters and a maximum width of 18 meters, with a maximum speed of 14 knots and a maximum range of 4,550 nautical miles at cruising speed.

The landing craft is capable of transporting heavy equipment including up to 4 Leopard 2 tanks, a transporter unit, and 450 troops.

The launch of the ship is another testament to the strong implementation of the Indonesian Armed Forces’ Minimum Essential Force (MEF) modernization program, as well as the Indonesian Defense Industry Master Plan (RIIP).

[1] Kepripedia

[2] Defense Mirror

Philippines gets US approval for potential export of TH-73A Thrasher training helos

  

The TH-73A Thrasher, this example with the US Navy. Photo c/o US Navy.

US DSCA Press Release dated 15 April 2025:

WASHINGTON, April 15, 2025 - The State Department has made a determination approving a possible Foreign Military Sale to the Government of the Philippines of TH-73A Training Helicopters and Support for an estimated cost of $120 million. The Defense Security Cooperation Agency delivered the required certification notifying Congress of this possible sale today.

The Government of the Philippines has requested to buy the following defense articles and services: TH-73A training helicopters; aircraft simulator; spare engines; pack up kits; fuel tanks; aircraft hoists and lifts; commercial avionics; commercial flight management systems; commercial Global Positioning Systems; shipping containers; support and test equipment; consumables and accessories; integration and test support; repair and return support; spare and repair parts; unclassified software delivery and support; unclassified publications and technical documentation; personnel training and commercial training equipment; U.S. Government and contractor engineering, technical, logistics, and transportation support services, including in-country representative support; studies and surveys; and other related elements of logistics and program support. The estimated total cost is $120 million.

This proposed sale will support the foreign policy and national security of the United States by helping to improve the security of a strategic partner that continues to be an important force for political stability, peace, and economic progress in Southeast Asia.

The proposed sale will improve the Philippines’ capability to meet current and future threats by providing an aircraft platform that will serve as the primary method of improving pilot training and skills, thus helping to ensure the development of a proficient rotary wing aviator corps. The Philippines will have no difficulty absorbing these articles and services into its armed forces.

The proposed sale of this equipment and support will not alter the basic military balance in the region.

The principal contractor will be AgustaWestland Philadelphia Corporation (Leonardo), located in Philadelphia, PA. At this time, the U.S. Government is not aware of any offset agreement proposed in connection with this potential sale. Any offset agreement will be defined in negotiations between the purchaser and the contractor.

Implementation of this proposed sale will require the assignment of up to four additional U.S. Government and up to four U.S. contractor representatives to the Philippines for a duration of up to three years to support helicopter introduction, familiarization, fielding, and training.

There will be no adverse impact on U.S. defense readiness as a result of this proposed sale.

The description and dollar value are for the highest estimated quantity and dollar value based on initial requirements. Actual dollar value will be lower depending on final requirements, budget authority, and signed sales agreement(s), if and when concluded.

All questions regarding this proposed Foreign Military Sale should be directed to the State Department's Bureau of Political Military-Affairs, Office of Congressional and Public Affairs, pm-cpa@state.gov.

[1] US Defense Security Cooperation Agency

Fincantieri confirms offer of U212 NFS submarines to the Philippines

 

A U212 submarine of the Italian Navy. Photo c/o Fincantieri.

Fincantieri press release dated 16 April 2025:

Fincantieri and thyssenkrupp Marine Systems have signed an Industrial Cooperation Agreement as part of a broader strategic partnership to provide the Philippine’s Navy with advanced submarine capabilities solutions.

As part of the Horizon III military modernization initiative, the Philippine Navy aims to enhance its archipelagic defense by acquiring cutting-edge weapon systems. In particular, the introduction of submarines would be a game-changer in securing territorial waters, especially in the South China Sea.

The collaboration between thyssenkrupp Marine Systems and Fincantieri brings together their extensive expertise and cutting-edge technologies to deliver the most efficient and competitive solution for the U212 NFS class submarines, which Fincantieri is currently building for the Italian Navy at its shipyards in Italy. The partnership also aims to strengthen local infrastructure and expand the operational capabilities of the Philippine Navy’s fleet.

The cooperation between the Italian and German Navies on the U212A submarines dates back to 1996. Building on their longstanding partnership, Fincantieri and thyssenkrupp Marine Systems extended their cooperation to include potential joint export projects.

Oliver Burkhard, CEO of thyssenkrupp Marine Systems, stated: “Building on our successful cooperation within the Italian submarine program, this Industrial Cooperation Agreement provides an excellent foundation for further joint projects in the underwater domain.”

The U212 NFS is an evolution of the HDW Class U212A submarine, featuring low acoustic, magnetic, and visual signature characteristics and making it exceptionally stealthy. It meets the highest quality standards and the most stringent rules and requirements, with thyssenkrupp Marine Systems supplying essential key technologies and components.

The Philippine Navy would gain a significant strategic advantage through the Air Independent Propulsion (AIP) technology, first introduced on the U212A, and now integrated into the U212 NFS. Additionally, the use of Amanox non-magnetic steel, combined with other key technical features and new stealth technology, makes the U212 NFS virtually undetectable.

Pierroberto Folgiero, CEO and Managing Director of Fincantieri, added: "With decades of experience in submarine construction, Fincantieri has developed a solid expertise in delivering high-performance naval solutions. This cooperation is a key milestone in promoting our international export strategy, leveraging the latest cutting-edge Italian and German technologies and quality."

A distinguishing factor of the U212 NFS offering is the operational support provided by the Italian Navy, ensuring the Philippine Navy benefits from an unparalleled level of training, doctrine, and logistics. The package also includes specialized industrial and operational training, allowing the Philippine Navy to rapidly build a well-structured and highly skilled submarine crew.

Furthermore, as part of the Philippine’s “Self-Reliant Defense Posture Revitalization Act”, the partnership will support the Philippine Navy in developing a new naval base. This will be achieved by leveraging the design expertise of thyssenkrupp Marine Systems and Fincantieri, drawing on their decades of shipbuilding experience and long-standing cooperation with navies worldwide.

[1] Fincantieri 

Keel Laying Ceremony held for first Malaysian LMS Batch 2

 

RMN officials attend the Keel Laying Ceremony od first LMS Batch 2 ship. Photo c/o RMN.

Turkish defense company Savunama Teknolojileri Muhendislik  (STM) held the Keel Laying Ceremony for the first of three new Littoral Mission Ship Batch 2 being built for the Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN) on 08 April 2025 at the Istanbul Shipyard in Türkiye.

Present during the ceremony were the RMN’s Chief of Navy Admiral Datuk Zulhelmy bin Ithnain, the Secretary-General of the Malaysian Ministry of Defence Datuk Lokman Hakim Ali, and STM’s Deputy General Manager Mr. Bulent Soydal.

Prior to the ceremony, the Ministry of Defence and STM held a Project Monitoring Committee Meeting on 7 April 2025, which presented updates on the progress of all three ships.

The Keel Laying Ceremony follows the Steel Cutting Ceremony for the ship which was held on 4 December 2024 signalling the start of the ship’s construction phase.

According to reports, the first ship is expected to be launched by mid-2026 and delivered to the RMN by end of 2027.

The Littoral Mission Ship Batch 2 are based on the Ada-class corvettes of the Turkish Navy, and features stealthy hull design. It will displace at around 2,500 tons, with a length of 99.5 meters, have a maximum speed of around 26 knots, and a maximum range of 4,000 nautcal miles.

So far the weapons fit-out are believed to include the Oto Melara 76mm gun, an Aselsan SMASH 30mm secondary gun, two quadruple launchers for the Rokeysan Atmaca anti-ship missiles, and a 16-cell vertical launching system for the K-SAAM short-range air defense missile system.

[1] Royal Malaysian Navy

[2] Naval News

[3] Defense News

Philippines takes delivery of first Miguel Malvar-class frigate

 

The new frigate, soon to be BRP Miguel Malvar (FFG-06) ar Naval Operating Base Subic. Photo c/o Philippine Navy.

The Philippine Navy conducted the formal arrival ceremonies for its first of two Miguel Malvar-class frigate, the future BRP Miguel Malvar (FFG-06) during ceremonies held in its Naval Operating Base Subic in Zambales province, north of Manila on 08 April 2025.

The ship arrived earlier from HD Hyundai Heavy Industries’ naval shipyard in Ulsan, South Korea after departing on 31 March 2025.

Prior to commissioning under a Initial Operational Capacity, the frigate will undergo a series of further inspections and tests, as well as training of crew. The Philippine Navy has not yet indicated the commissioning date.

The Miguel Malvar-class was originally acquired as a corvette under the Armed Forces of the Philippines Modernization Program Horizon 2 phase, which covers 2018 to 2022.

It uses HD HHI’s HDF-3200 design, which was derived on improvements from its HDF-2600 / Jose Rizal-class light frigate design built for the Philippine Navy a few years earlier, with inputs from advancements in the development of the FFX-II / Daegu-class frigates built for the Republic of Korea Navy.

The new frigate is 118.4 meters long, 14.9 meters wide and has a displacement of 3,200 tons. It is powered by 4 MTU-STX marine diesel engines that allows the frigate to have a maximum range of 4,500 nautical miles at 15 knots, and a maximum speed of more than 25 knots.

It is equipped with the Hanwha Systems Naval Shield Tactical Combat Management System, linking the ship’s sensors and weapons which includes the IAI Elta EL/M-2258 ALPHA 3D AESA air/surface search radar, a Selex NA-25X fire control radar, Safran PASEO XLR EOTS, ELAC Sonar Hunter 2.0 active/passive hull-mounted sonar, the Elbit Elisra Aquamarine electronic support measures suite, and Hanwha Systems Link-P tactical data link.

It is armed with an Oto Melara 76mm Super Rapid naval gun, an Aselsan Gokdeniz twin 35mm close-in weapon system (CIWS), a 16-cell vertical launch system for MBDA VL-MICA short range air defense missiles, two SEA triple launchers for the LIG Nex1 Blue Shark lightweight anti-submarine torpedoes, and two quadruple launchers for the LIG Nex1 SSM-700K C-Star anti-ship cruise missiles.

It also has a helipad for a standard 10-ton naval helicopter.

Further upgrades are expected as the frigates will be equipped with a towed-array sonar system which is yet to be determined, as well as having the US Data Link 16 and Link 22 tactical data links.

[1] Naval News

[2] Philippine Defense Resource

[3] MaxDefense Philippines

Second new frigate for Philippines launched, another for delivery

 

Officials with the BRP Diego Silang. Photo c/o HD HHI.

South Korean shipbuilder HD Hyundai Heavy Industries launched the second Miguel Malvar-class guided missile frigate for the Philippine Navy (PN), which will be named BRP Diego Silang (FFG-07) once in service.

The launching ceremony was held on 27 March 2025 at HD HHi’s facility in Ulsan, with Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) General Romeo Brawner Jr. and Philippine Navy Flag Officer in Command Vice Admiral Jose Maria Ezpeleta, Department of National Defense (DND) Undersecretary for Acquisition and Resource Management Salvador Melchor Mison Jr. and HD HHI CEO Lee Sang Kyun.

The ship’s namesake, Diego Silang, was a Filipino revolutionary who led uprising against Spanish rule in the 1700s. 

In addition, HD HHI announced that the delivery of the first ship of the class, which will be named BRP Miguel Malvar (FFG-06), is scheduled to depart South Korea for its delivery trip to the Philippines on 31 March 2025. The ship is expected to arrive in Subic in the Philippines by early April 2025.

The Miguel Malvar-class were originally classified as Corvettes by the Philippine Navy prior to a change in designation to frigates, as evident by the hull classification of “FFG”. 

They were based on HD HHI’s HDF-3200 design which shares design features as the KFX-II and KFX-III program for the Republic of Korea Navy. They are 118 meters long, 15 meters wide and displaces at around 3,200 tons.

They are powered by four diesel engines in Combined Diesel and Diesel (CODAD) configuration, enabling a declared maximum speed of 25 knots and a cruising speed of 15 knots, and a range of 4,500 nautical miles.

They are armed with a 76mm Oto Melara Super Rapid naval gun, an ASELSAN Gokdeniz twin 35mm close-in weapon system, a 16-cell VLS for MBDA VL-MICA air defense missile system, two quadruple launchers for LIG Nex1 C-Star anti-ship cruise missiles, two triple lightweight torpedo launchers from SEA, and several manually-operated machine gun mounts.

The ships are also equipped with the Hanwha Systems Naval Shield Integrated Combat Management System, an IAI Elta EL/M-2258 ALPHA 3D AESA multi-band air/surface search radar, Selex NA-25 fire control radar, the Hanwha Systems Link P tactical data link with allocation for US Link 16 and Link 22, and an ELAC Sonar Hunter 2.0 hull-mounted sonar.

According to Philippine defense page MaxDefense Philippines, the frigates will be improved further with addition of a towed-array sonar, which the Philippine Navy is finalizing to select and will also be installed on their Jose Rizal-class frigates.

[1] Yonhap News Agency

[2] Philippine Defense Resource

[3] Philippine Star

Australia receives first pair of M142 HIMARS rocket artillery systems from US

 

The first paid of HIMARS launch systems arriving in Australia. Photo c/o Australia DoD.

The Australian Department of Defence (DOD) confirmed on 24 March 2025 that the Australian Defence Force (ADF) received the first pair of M142 High Mobility Artillery Rocket Systems (HIMARS) launch vehicles from the United States.

The pair is part of a contract to deliver 42 launch units for the Australian Army under a A$1.6 billion (approx.. US$1 billion), which was accelerated and expanded following the country’s 2023 Defence Strategic Review.

Originally the Australian DOD ordered 20 units in 2022, with the first batch were scheduled to arrive in 2026. An additional 22 units were ordered in 2023 with a request for the delivery to be accelerated due to emerging threats in the region.

The M142 HIMARS have seen effective use by Ukrainian defenders against invading Russian forces, including conducting strikes behind Russian frontlines.

The introduction of the HIMARS to the Australian military will provide “game changing” precise long range strike capabilities with a range of up to 500 kilometers using the Precision Strike Missile, as well as tactical strikes using the Guided Multiple Launch Rocket System(GMLRS) which has a range of up to 70 kilometers.

In addition, Australia will be investing in building a local production capability to manufacture HIMARS-compatible munitions and missiles.

The new HIMARS will be operated by the recently-established 10th Fires Brigade based in Adelaide in South Australia.

[1] Australian Department of Defence

[2] The Defense Post

[3] France 24

Indonesia interested to acquire former Italian carrier ITS Giuseppe Garibaldi

The ITS Giuseppe Garibaldi (551) participating in Exercise Majestic Eagle 2004. Photo c/o US Navy through Wikimedia Commons.

The Indonesian Navy (TNI-AL) was reported to be taking interest in acquiring the Italian Navy’s retired small aircraft carrier, the former ITS Giuseppe Garibaldi (551).

This was according to a report on 06 March 2025 by British defense media outlet Janes, citing their sources from the Italian Navy. 

Aside from the ship, Janes reported that Indonesia might also be interested in acquiring some of the Italian Navy’s AV-8B Harrier II short take-off and vertical landing (STOVL) combat aircraft, which will be operating from the carrier.

Last February, the Indonesian Navy announced that it has raised a request for an aircraft carrier capable of  supporting non-combat military operations. This is part of their requirement under the Indonesian Armed Forces’ (TNI) multi-year Minimum Essential Force military modernization program.

The ITS Giuseppe Garibaldi was previously the Italian Navy’s flagship and sole aircraft carrier since 1985 until it was replaced in 2024 by the newer STOVL carrier / helicopter landing dock ITS Trieste. 

There has been lingering rumours in Indonesia since October 2024 about the possibility of acquiring the former ITS Giuseppe Garibaldi as the Indonesian Ministry of Defence led by then Defence Minister and now Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto were reaching a deal to acquire two Multirole Offshore Patrol Ships from Italy.

Indonesian defense bloggers reported that Italy offered to sell the ITS Giuseppe Garibaldi to Indonesia for around US$390 million although no details were provided indicating the coverage of such offer.

The Giuseppe Garibaldi was built by Italian shipbuilder Fincantieri in their Monfalcone facility, and was launched on 11 June 1983. It was commissioned with the Italian Navy on 30 September 1985 to become its foremost surface asset.

The ship is 180.2 meters long, a maximum width of 33.4 meters, and a full load displacement of 14,150 tons.

It can carry a total of 18 aircraft consisting of a mix of AV-8B Harrier STOVL combat aircraft and AW101 naval helicopters.

[1] Janes

[2] Asia Pacific Defense Journal

Singapore bares upcoming new weapon platforms, increasing cyber, AI and drone capabilities

 

One of the Invincible-class submarines for Singapore. Photo c/o Singapore MINDEF.

Singapore Defence Minister Dr. Ng Eng Hen has announced the plans of the Ministry of Defence (MINDEF) in the short term, as part of plans to transform the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) further to meet rapidly changing security and geopolitical challenges.

Speaking in Parliament, Minister Ng  confirmed that MINDEF will be acquiring two more Invincible-class (Type 218SG) diesel-electric attack submarines for the Republic of Singapore Navy (RSN), as it believes its current order for four units is “not optimal”, as submarines require more rigorous and frequent maintenance  and downtime.

Minister Ng also updated on the construction of the new Multi-Role Combat Vessels (MRCV) which are set to replace the RSN’s ageing Victory-class corvettes and will act as “mothership” for unmanned surface, subsurface, and aerial platforms. The first ship is expected to be launched in late 2025, with more to be launched afterwards.

Also announced was the acquisition of a new wheeled infantry fighting vehicle for the Singapore Army called the “Titan”, which will feature a 30mm autocannon,  and will be equipped with enhanced protection against drones and projectiles.

The Singapore Army will also have its existing fleet of M142 HIMARS rocket artillery systems by introducing additional munition types that will give the weapon system more flexibility against different targets.

Meanwhile the Republic of Singapore Air Force is eyeing a replacement for its existing Fokker F50 maritime patrol aircraft, with MINDEF looking at both the Boeing P-8A Poseidon and the Airbus C-295 maritime patrol aircraft platforms.

Plans are also in place to acquire 8 more F-35A Lightning II Joint Strike Fighters and expanding their F-35 and F-16 training facility in the United States. This is after the US gave a positive signal on exporting more F-35s to Singapore.

Dr. Ng also mentioned plans to activate new units to deal with modern military fields like Artificial Intelligence (AI), drone warfare, and Cyber warfare, as he believes that preparing the country’s defense structure is equally important as acquiring state-of-the-art military hardware and technology.

Singapore has increased its defense spending for FY2025 to S$23.4 billion (US$17.40 billion), up by around 12.4% from the defense budget in FY2024. The increase would allow MINDEF to pursue its planned projects which also include improvement in supporting National Servicemen (NS), which is Singapore’s term for military conscripts.

[1] Channel News Asia

[2] The Straits Times

[3] Naval News

Thailand selects Navantia to upgrade Chinese-made LPD HTMS Chang

 

The HTMS Chang ( LPD-792) accompanied by HTMS Chakri Naruebet (911). Photo c/o Royal Thai Navy.

The Royal Thai Navy (RTN) has selected the bid from Spain’s Navantia to enhance the combat systems of its sole Type 071ET landing platform dock, the HTMS Chang (LPD-792).

This was confirmed by the RTN through a document on procurement projects published on 21 February 2025, which also confirmed that this is just the initial phase of the project, with succeeding phases also expected to be awarded to a winning bidder in the near future.

As part of the project with a budget of THB909.5 million (US$27.1 million), the HTMS Chang is to be provided with a new Combat Management System (CMS), a new Fire Control System, and two secondary naval guns in remote controlled weapon stations (RCWS).

Navantia is expected to install its proprietary CATIZ Combat Management System, as well as its DORNA Fire Control System. These will be integrated to the ship’s existing sensor suite which already includes the Saab Sea Giraffe 1X 3D air/surface search surveillance radar and Elbit Systems Spectro XR Electro-Optic Cameras. 

Also expected from Navantia will be the supply and installation of the SENTINEL 30 Naval RCWS manufactured by Spain’s Escribano Mechanical & Engineering (EM&E), armed with the Bushmaster Mk44 30mm autocannon, which are already found on several of the RTN’s patrol boats.

It has not been confirmed how much was Spain’s winning tender worth, and when the project will be formally contracted to Navantia.

The HTMS Chang (LPD-792) is the third ship in the Royal Thai Navy to bear its name, and was built using an Thai-specific export version of the Chinese Type 071 landing platform dock design. 

The ship was built by Shanghai Hudong-Zhonghua Shipbuilding and delivered to the RTN in 2023. It is now considered the largest amphibious assault ship in Thai service.

[1] Royal Thai Navy

[2] AAG_Th Thai Defense Page

Australia receives last of 3,580 Rheinmetall MAN medium and heavy tactical vehicles

 

One of the Australian Army's HX series truck. Photo c/o DoD.

The Australian subsidiary of German defense company Rheinmetall MAN Military Vehicles (RMMV) and the  Australian Department of Defence marked the completion of the LAND 121 Phase 3B/5B program on 20 February 2025.

A Final Acceptance Ceremony was held at RMMV’s Military Vehicles Centre of Excellence (MILVEHCOE) in Queensland marking the completion of the contract, as the company delivered 3,580 vehicles and 3,165 modules and protected cabs over a 10-year procurement program for the Australian Defence Force (ADF).

Trucks delivered are different variants of RMMV’s HX series of medium and heavy tactical trucks, which were built in Vienna, Austria, while final assembly was made at the Rheinmetall Defence Australia’s facility in Queensland, with support provided by interstate teams from Victoria.

The ADF originall ordered 2,536 trucks under LAND 121 Phae 3B in 2014, with the first truck HX series truck arriving in 2016 and entering service with the Australian Army on February 2017. 

Another batch of 1,044 medium and heavy trucks were ordered in 2018 under the LAND 121 Phase 5B. 

Australian variants of the HX trucks were composed of the HX-40M 4x4 tactical truck in tray, tray with carne, tipper; the HX-42M 6x6 medium recovery and HX-45M 10x10 heavy recovery variants;  the HX-77 8x8 heavy trucks with integrated load handing system, and the HX-81tank transporter tractor.

The completion of the procurement program will allow RMMV to shift to providing maintenance and sustainment support for the HX truck fleet, in partnership with their local and international partners and suppliers.

 RMMV’s HX series of medium and heavy tactical vehicles have been successfully used by various militaries including Germany and Australia, with other Asia-Pacific regional users including Japan, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam.

[1] Rheinmetall

[2] Australian National Audit Office

Philippines to acquire more military hardware including Brahmos missiles, submarines

 

Hanwha Ocean offered the KSS-IIIPN submarine to the Philippine Navy. Photo c/o Hanwha Ocean.

The Philippines is expected to continue its ongoing military modernization in the next decade, and will be adding more military hardware to increase its deterrence and combat capabilities.

During a speech to local business leaders on 12 February 2025, Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) Chief of Staff General Romeo Brawner Jr. said that the military modernization is now in its 3rd phase and has set aside US$35 billion over the next 10 years.

Gen. Brawner mentioned that there are plans to acquire more Brahmos anti-ship missile systems from India, as well as pursue the long-stalled plan to acquire submarines for the Philippine Navy (PN).

According to Gen. Brawner, submarines are very important capability especially for an archipelagic country like the Philippines.

In an enquiry with Australian-based Filipino defense analyst Max Montero, the AFP is currently implementing its so-called “Re-Horizon 3” phase which includes plans to purchase land-based anti-ship and surface-to-surface missile systems for both the Philippine Army and Philippine Marine Corps, at least a couple of submarines plus additional frigates and corvettes and expanding bases for the Philippine Navy, and 40 new fighters and additional surface-to-air missile systems for the Philippine Air Force.

Mr. Montero stressed that these efforts are greatly due to China’s continuous harassment and breaching of the Philippines’ exclusive economic zone in the West Philippine Sea, and the reported efforts by China to undermine the Philippines’ security and overall stability.

France, South Korea, Spain and other European countries are believed to have offered to sell new submarines to the Philippine Navy, which includes developing its submarine doctrine and basing. 

Previously both Gen. Brawner and Philippine Defense Secretary Gilberto Teodoro Jr. mentioned that the Philippines plans to acquire Mid-Range Capability missile systems, with the American Typhon missile system believed to in their sights.

The Typhon Mid-Range Capability can launch both the SM-6 and Tomahawk cruise missile which can range deep into the Chinese mainland.

[1] The Asahi Shimbun

[2] MaxDefense Philippines

[3] South China Morning Post

Malaysia finalizing acquisition of ex-Kuwaiti F/A-18C/D Hornet fighters

 

A F/A-18C Hornet of the Kuwait Air Force. Photo c/o Defence Security Asia.

The Malaysian Deputy Defence Minister Adly Zahari said during an event that the Ministry of Defence (MoD) is expecting the finalization of a deal with Kuwait within the year for the acquisition of 30 used F/A-18C/D Hornet twin-engine fighters.

Min. Zahari said that the discussions with Kuwait is in the final stages after the Kuwait Air Force agreement to transfer the aircraft.

The United States Government is also involved in providing an approval for the transfer, being the original source of the Hornet fighters. The F/A-18C/D Hornet was built by American aircraft giant Boeing, and were exported to Kuwait starting in 1992.

Malaysia is pushing the acquisition of the Hornet fighters as part of efforts to increase the number of air combat assets of the Royal Malaysian Air Force (RMAF) and further strengthen the country’s defense capabilities.

The RMAF already operates the F/A-18D Hornet, with 8 aircraft delivered in 1997. Previous plans to increase the number of Hornet fighters failed due to several issues including funding and preference for the Russian Sukhoi Su-30MKM Flanker fighter.

Malaysia has been looking for ways to improve its air combat capability after the retirement of its fleet of Russian-made Mikoyan MiG-29N/NUB fighters, and delays in procuring its new Multi-Role Combat Aircraft (MRCA).

The acquisition of ex-Kuwaiti F/A-18s is meant to provide the RMAF the needed capability and fleet number in the short and medium term, as It looks for funding its planned acquisition of next generation fighters.

[1] Defence Security Asia

[2] Malay Mail

Indonesia eyes acquiring aircraft carrier to support non-combat operations

PT PAL presenting their proposed helicopter landing dock design in 2024. Photo c/o PT PAL.

The Indonesian Navy (TNI-AL) has started assessment on the potential need for an aircraft carrier to provide enhanced support for non-combat military operations.

In a press conference held in Jakarta on 06 February 2025, the Chief of Staff of the Indonesian Navy, Admiral Muhammad Ali, highlighted the need for several essential military equipment for acquisition to the Indonesian Ministry of Defense.

This includes an aircraft carrier for use on non-war military operations, as well as additional frigates from Italy, and fast missile boats from Turkiye.

He also highlighted the importance of domestically-produced frigates to solidify the Indonesian Navy's overall capabilities including self-sufficiency.

There have been previous studies made by the Indonesian Navy on potentially acquiring aircraft carrier-like ships, capable of carrying helicopters for both combat and non-combat operations.

There have been unverified information circulating in late 2024 of the Indonesian Navy's interest to acquire the former Italian Navy aircraft carrier Giuseppe Garibaldi as part of greater deal with Italy, although nothing has been confirmed about this as of this writing.

Indonesian state-owned shipbuilder PT PAL Indonesia also made previous display of proposals for a small helicopter carrier and helicopter landing dock assault ships for possible consideration of the Indonesian Navy and for potential export to other countries.

The Indonesian Navy is considered to be the most powerful in Southeast Asia, although it was said to still lack the necessary size and capability to defend its vast territory and exclusive economic zones, and is also plagued by ageing naval assets. 

As part of its latest iteration of the Minimum Essential Force (MEF) plan, the Indonesian Navy plans to have at least four helicopter landing docks in its fleet.

[1] Antara News
[2] The Indonesia

Australia receives first Arufara-class offshore patrol vessel

 

NUSHIP Arufara (OPV-203). Photo c/o APDR.

On 30 January 2025, the Australian Department of Defence (DoD) has confirmed that the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) has accepted the first of the new Arufara-class offshore patrol vessel, the NUSHIP Arufara (OPV-203).

The ship was launched in 2021 and was delivered by its shipbuilder, Luerssen Australia  at the Osborne Naval Shipyard in South Australia. 

The NUSHIP Arufara sailed to its homeport at HMAS Stirling in Western Australia where it will undergo a series of tests by the Royal Australian Navy prior to commissioning to service later this year.

The ship is the first of a new class of patrol vessels being delivered as part of the RAN’s SEA 1180 project, which aims to deliver six Arufara-class ships.

The Arufara-class was derived from the Darussalam-class offshore patrol vessels delivered to the Royal Brunei Navy, with modifications in the sub-systems including sensors and weapon suit.

One more ship of the class is being built in Osborne Naval Shipyard, while the other four ships are being built in Henderson in Western Australia. 

Under Australia’s latest Defence White Paper, the Arufara-class offshore patrol vessels will be classified as part of its Navy Minor War Vessel fleet, which will focus on maritime and border security and defense, and engaging regional partners in the Southwest Pacific and Southeast Asia.

Originally the plan was to build 12 ships, but changes in the defense strategy reduced the number to just 6, and instead more of the smaller Evolved Cape-class patrol boats will be acquired.  Its planned main gun using a 40mm autocannon was also replaced by a smaller 25mm variant.

The Australian Government considers the delivery of NUSHIP Arufara as a milestone in its investment in local naval shipbuilding and sustainment, as well as building critical capabilities for the Australian Defence Force (ADF).

[1] Australian Department of Defence

[2] Naval News

[3] Asia Pacific Defence Reporter

Malaysia to upgrade Lekiu-class frigates’ anti-ship missile systems

 

The Naval Strike Missile from Kongsberg Defense. Photo c/o Kongsberg.

The Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN) is planning to replace the anti-ship missile system aboard their two Lekiu-class frigates as part of modernization efforts.

The ships, the KD Lekiu (FFG30) and KD Jebat (FFG29) currently have the MBDA MM40 Exocet Block 2 anti-ship missiles, which have been in service since 1999 when both ships entered service with the RMN.

No information was confirmed but British defense media outlet Janes, through its sources, believe that the RMN would select the Kongsberg Naval Strike Missile (NSM), which are the same as those scheduled for installation in the upcoming Maharaja Lela-class littoral combat ships (LCS).

Due to the delay on the construction of the new LCS, the missiles and launchers intended for them will be installed on the older frigates instead.

The Naval Strike Missile is touted as more technologically advanced than other existing subsonic anti-ship missiles in the global market due to its maneuverability that allows for high survivability against enemy defenses, as well as improved stealth capabilities.

The missiles would also allow commonality considering the RMN already selected the Naval Strike Missile for its future combat ships.

[1] Janes

[2] GBP Aerospace and Defence

Vietnam closer to acquire K9 Thunder 155mm self propelled howitzers from South Korea

 

The K9 Thunder 155mm self propelled howitzer. Photo c/o Hanwha Defense.

Vietnam is reportedly close to signing a deal with South Korea’s Hanwha Aerospace Co. for the export of as much as 30 units of the K9 Thunder 155mm self propelled howitzers.

This was reported by South Korean media outlets on 21 January 2025, citing industry sources familiar with the transaction indicating that both sides are already in the final stages of negotiations worth around KRW400 billion (US$276 million).

Each K9 Thunder howitzer unit is estimated to be between KRW14 to 20 billion each, which means between 20 to 30 units could be acquired.

Officials from Vietnam’s Defense Ministry lead by Defense Minister Gen. Phan Van Giang visited Hanwha’s facility in South Korea on February 2023, including inspecting the production facility where the K9 Thunder is built, as well as a Republic of Korea Army unit operating the said artillery system.

This was further reinforced when Vietnamese military personnel underwent training on operating and firing the K9 Thunder used by the Republic of Korea Army on November 2024.

Should Vietnam finalize the deal, it would become the 11th country to acquire the highly successful K9 Thunder self-propelled howitzers after South Korea, Australia, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, India, Norway, Poland, Romania and Turkey.

It will also Vietnam’s first purchase of a major South Korean-made weapon system.

[1] The Korea Economic Daily

[2] The Korea Herald

Indonesian shipbuilder launches new multipurpose ship for Indonesian armed forces

 

Launching of new MDV for the TNI. Photo c/o PT Terafulk Megantara Design.

Indonesian shipbuilder PT Noahtu Shipyard launched a new 65-meter Multipurpose Disaster Vessel (MDV) being built for the Indonesian Armed Forces (TNI) in their Jakarta shipyard last 16 January 2025.

The ship was designed by Indonesian marine consultant PT Terafulk Megantara Design based in Surabaya, and will be used for logistic support including troop and vehicle transport, as well as for Emergency Response and Disaster Relief Operations including Medical Response during emergencies.

The vessel, which is 65 meters long, and 4.6 meters high, is made mostly of aluminum and is powered by two 3,000 horsepower marine diesel engines enabling the ship to reach a maximum speed of 17 knots, and attain a cruising speed of 15 knots.

It has a deadweight of 650 tons, a maximum operating weight of 1,740 tons, and has a crew of 30 officers and sailors.

The new ship have capabilities similar to a small landing ship, equipped with a bow-mounted ramp enabling beach landing operations and movement, as well as a starboard side ramp for easier operation pier side.

It also has a helicopter landing deck to support aerial evacuation using a medium-class helicopter, or operate drones during HADR operations.

The ship also carries a sea rider boat as well as a rescue boat

[1] Terafulk Megantara Design